Take it Step by Step: Following a Process Approach to Academic Writing to Overcome Student Anxiety

As one of the productive skills, writing is among the most challenging for language learners. Increased opportunities for study in European universities through Erasmus programs and in Anglophone tertiary institutions has made it necessary to place more emphasis on writing skills in Turkish universities. This has made it inevitable that Turkish universities include academic writing as part of their curricula. Considering that even non-native speaking (NNS) scholars have been reported to face challenges with academic writing not usually experienced by native-speaking (NS) writers (Gosden 1992), it is not surprising to see that this activity causes a great deal of anxiety for undergraduate and graduate students. This paper explores the effects of using a multiple-draft process approach on reducing the students’ anxiety levels, as they relate to the academic writing process. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and written reflections by students

Analyzing Research Tendencies of ELT Researchers and Trajectory of English Language Teaching and Learning in the last Five Years

In accordance with the new advances in language teaching methodologies and integration of high technology tools as well as web applications, there are many scientific research published on English language teaching (ELT) and learning (ELL) in recent years. However, on the one hand, it is still a significant question to research that exactly what types of research topics are mostly studied among the researchers from different countries. What are the leading research groups on the world? Even though there are noteworthy studies to clarify mostly studied topics and trajectory of the researches on ELT by means of literature reviews, and there are very few studies to compare research tendencies of the researchers over text/content mining methodology. In fact, the papers reviewing literature are mostly limited in terms of depicting a broad understanding the scope of such studies. On the other hand, a corpus based detection methodology, which may illuminate those research tendencies and trajectory, and come up with very informative descriptive results in the field, is actually missing. In sum, the current research aims at finding out the most frequent research contexts and topics in the last five years through analyzing research papers published in leading academic journals in the field, and compare tendencies of the researchers from different institutions and countries in terms of selecting their research context and topics, and to figure out the trajectory for future studies. In this study, the researchers believe that there are different tendencies among the researchers in terms of their selecting research contexts and topics, which should be revealed for future researches. Researchers use a corpus-based detection methodology in this study, which is composed of storing variable data in .txt files and analyzing variables over the concordancer. Corpus-based detection method defines process of gathering textual data mentioned in the variables and analyzing them by means of a concordancer, named AntConc. The corpus-based data from the variables are analyzed by means of a statistical software, known as JASP in order to clear out potential differences among the researchers. A short analysis of the data indicates that the researchers still focus on the key words such as explicit learning and knowledge, implicit learning and knowledge as well as age and bilingualism. It is also observed that meta-analysis is an important topic in the studies conducted lately. Further results of the study could be beneficial for all followers including researchers and learners inside and outside the field of ELT and help people focus less frequently studied contexts and topics

A Netnographic Study on Memorable Tourism Experiences of Foreign Tourists: the Case of Gallipoli Peninsula

DergiPark: 746181trakyaiibfThe aim of this research is to identify the elements that make the travel experiences of foreign tourists unforgettable visited the Gallipoli Peninsula within the scope of the battlefield tourism. In this context, a qualitative research methodology was used. The comments shared by foreign tourists who visited the Gallipoli peninsula on Trip Advisor were subjected to content analysis, and the data obtained in this context were analyzed with the MAXQDA. Based on the findings of the research, it is seen that the factors that shape the unforgettable tourism experience of the visitors are evaluated in two categories as emotional and cognitive, and seven sub-dimensions. However, there is a differentiation in these sub-dimensions in parallel with the characteristics of battlefield tourism that differ from other areas. The elements that make a tourism experience unforgettable within the research scope are Emotional Domain- Moving Emotions (with Feel of Loss, Being Proud and Emotionality sub-dimensions), and Cognitive Domains - Meaningfulness, Knowledge, Tour Guide, Involvement, Novelty, and Local Culture.Bu araştırma ile savaş alanı turizmi kapsamında Gelibolu Yarımadasını ziyaret eden yabancı turistlerin seyahat deneyimlerini unutulmaz kılan unsurların belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda nitel bir araştırma metodolojisi kullanılmıştır. Gelibolu yarımadasını ziyaret etmiş olan yabancı turistlerin Trip Advisor’da paylaşmış olduğu yorumlar içerik analizine tabi tutulmuş ve bu kapsamda elde edilen veriler MAXQDA programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları temelinde ziyaretçilerin unutulmaz turizm deneyimini şekillendiren unsurların duygusal ve bilişsel olmak üzere iki kategoride ve yedi alt boyutta değerlendirilmiştir. Ancak savaş alanı turizminin diğer alanlardan farklılaşan özellikleri ile paralel şekilde söz konusu alt boyutlarda da bir farklılaşma mevcuttur. Araştırma kapsamında bir turizm deneyimini unutulmaz kılan unsurlar Duygusal Unsurlar– Dokunaklı ve Etkileyici Duygular (Kayıp Hissi, Gurur ve Duygusallık alt boyutları ile) ile Bilişsel Unsurlar – Anlamlılık, Bilgi, Tur Rehberi, Katılım, Yenilik ve Yerel Kültür olarak ifade edilmektedir

The Impact of Open Inguinal Hernia Mesh Repair on Quality of Life

DergiPark: 700164tmsjAims: This study aims to evaluate the effect of open inguinal hernia repair with mesh on the quality of life of the patients whowere operated at a university hospital. Methods: In this cohort study, 86 patients who had undergone an open inguinal herniarepair at General Surgery Department in a university hospital between January 2017 and October 2019 were asked to fill out theCarolinas Comfort Scale questionnaire and the data were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The total number of patients in thestudy was 86. Seventy-three were male (84%) and 13 were female (16%). The median age was 53 years ranging from 18 to 82. Thedifference of pre- and post-operative scores revealed high significance in all categories and in total; laying down, bending over,sitting up, performing activities of daily life, coughing or deep breathing, walking or standing, walking up or down the stairs,exercising and total score. Conclusion: Inguinal hernia decreases the quality of daily life by limiting the movements with groinpain. Surgical low-tension repair with mesh improves the quality of life significantly. Keywords: Inguinal hernia, quality of life,mesh repai

The structure of vortical flow over a rounded broad-crested weir

Turbulent flow over a rounded broad-crested weir is investigated by means of detached eddy simulation (DES) and large eddy simulation (LES) with special emphasis on the interaction of coherent vortex structures with free-surface. In order to set up and validate the computational model, experimental studies were conducted in a laboratory flume using a moderately rounded broad-crested weir with a rounding ratio of R/P=0.15, where R is the radius of the upstream nose and P is the height of the weir. The simulated mean velocity, Reynolds stresses and free-surface profiles show good agreement with the experimental measurements. Spatial variation of the boundary layer on the crest is well captured using a dimensionless form of the Lamb vector divergence. Boundary layer shape factor calculated over the weir was found to be lie between 0.76 and 0.92. A horseshoe vortex system emanating from the bottom of the channel interacts with the free-surface at the entrance of the crest causing undulation on the free-surface. Unsteady characteristics of the flow are examined in terms of the power spectral density (PSD) of vortex-induced forces acting on the weir. It is found that a free-surface boundary layer develops from the undulation to the wall boundary layer on the crest. It was revealed from the simulations for various Reynolds numbers that the installation of an artificial pool upstream of the weir significantly modified vortex structures and reduced undulation effects by 86% according to a proposed undulation index.Comment: 30 pages, 20 figures and 4 table

Marka özgünlüğünün marka tercihi, müşteri tatmini ve marka sadakati üzerindeki etkileri: Bilgisayar markaları üzerine bir araştırma

Sunulan ürün ve hizmetlerin tek başına yeterli olmadığı günümüz ortamında tüketiciler, kendileri için bir anlam ifade edebilecek, kendisini diğer markalardan farklılaştıracak ve .zgün bir değere sahip olan markaları tercih etmektedirler. .zgün olmak işletmeler açısından önemli bir unsur olarak g.rülmektedir. Ancak işletmeler ve literatür açısından artan önemine rağmen, marka .zgünlüğüne yönelik olarak yapılan çalışmalar oldukça kısıtlıdır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, günümüzde markalar açısından fark yaratan bir unsur olarak .zgünlük kavramının pazarlama dinamikleri açısından irdelenmesi ve tüketicilerin tercihleri, tatmin dereceleri ve marka sadakatleri üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesidir. Bilgisayar markalarına yönelik olarak yapılan araştırmada, 415 tüketiciye ulaşılmış ve verilerin analizinde yapısal eşitlik modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda tüketicilere farklı deneyimler sunan, güvenilir vaatlerde bulunan ve bunları gerçekleştiren markaların, tüketicilerin tercihlerini önemli .l.üde biçimlendirdikleri g.rülmektedir

What Makes An Experience Memorable? a Conceptual Evaluation of Memorable Tourism Experience

DergiPark: 532082trakyasobedGünümüzün küreselpazarında rekabet gün geçtikçe artmakta, rekabet avantajı elde etmekzorlaşmaktadır. Hızlı değişim ve yeniliklerin yaşandığı günümüzde işletmeler bugelişmelere ayak uydurmak durumundadır. Zira günümüz tüketicisi için nihai üründen ziyade, yaşanılan ürün vehizmet deneyimi satın alma karar sürecinde belirleyici hale gelmektedir. Bunoktada taklit edilmesi, ikamesi zor olan ve tüketiciler tarafından arzuedilen, onların beklentilerine cevap verebilen deneyimsel ortamlarınyaratılması rekabet avantajı açısından oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Ancak dünyadave turist profilinde meydana gelen gelişmeler ve değişiklikler, turistlerinbeklentilerinin de farklılaşmasına neden olmaktadır. Turistlerin ihtiyaçlarınıngiderilmesi dışında farklılık arayışı, kendini değerli hissetme, yenilenme,yeni kültürler ve insanlar tanıma gibi benzersiz deneyimler yaşamaya yönelikeğilimleri, bir deneyimi eşsiz ve unutulmaz kılan unsurlar üzerineodaklanılmasına sebebiyet vermektedir. Literatür incelendiğinde tüketici,ziyaretçi, turist ve seyahat deneyimi üzerine çok sayıda çalışmanın yer aldığıgörülmekle birlikte, “Unutulmaz Turizm Deneyimi” kavramı bu alanda oldukça yenibir araştırma konusu olarak yer almaktadır. Bu kavramla ilgili yabancı literatürdeki çalışmalarincelendiğinde bir literatür birikiminin oluştuğunu belirtmek mümkün olmaktaancak, yerli literatürde oldukça sınırlı sayıda çalışmanın yer aldığıgörülmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmanın amacı, uluslararası ve ulusal literatürün kapsamlı birdeğerlendirmesini yaparak mevcut akademik yazına katkıda bulunmak ve yeni birkavram olan unutulmaz turizm deneyimi olgusunu kapsam ve içerik açısındandeğerlendirmektir. Bu anlamda söz konusu bulguların ve değerlendirmelerin turizmişletmecilerine ve destinasyon yöneticilerine, turistlerin karar vermesüreçlerinde göz önünde bulundurdukları unsurların anlaşılması açısından yolgöstereceği öngörülmektedir.Competition in today'sglobal market is increasing day by day, competitive advantage is difficult toachieve. In the world where rapid changes and innovations are experienced,enterprises have to keep up with these developments. Because, the product and serviceexperience that is experienced rather than the final product for today'sconsumer becomes decisive in the purchasing decision making process. At thispoint, the creation of experiential environments that are difficult to imitateand substitution, and which are desirable by consumers, capable of respondingto their expectations are of great importance in terms of competitiveadvantage. However, occured developments and changes in the world and in thetourist profile, it also causes changes in the expectations of tourists. Exceptfor satisfying the needs of tourists, the tendency to live memorableexperiences such as the search for difference, feeling valued, renewal, newcultures and people recognition, it gives cause for a focus on the elementsthat make an experience unique and memorable. When the literature is examined,while it is seen that there are many studies on consumer, visitor, tourist andtravel experience, the concept of "Memorable Tourism Experience"ranks as pretty new research topic in this field. When the studies in theforeign literature related to this concept are examined, it is possible tostate that a literature accumulation is formed, but it is seen that there arepretty limited number of studies in the domestic literature. Hence, the aim ofthis study is to contribute to the current academic literature by making acomprehensive evaluation of international and national literature and toevaluate the phenomenon of memorable tourism experience that is a new conceptin terms of scope and content. In this sense, it is foreseen that mentionedfindings and evaluations will guide tourism operators and destination managersin terms of understanding the factors that tourists consider in decision-makingprocesses

Systemic Cannabidiol Does Not Reduce Compound 48/80-Induced Itching Behavior in Mice

DergiPark: 541683tmsjAims: Cannabinoids are chemical compounds including natural cannabinoids found in the Cannabis plant, their synthetic counterparts, and endocannabinoids. Cannabidiol, a phytocannabinoid derived from the Cannabis plant, exerts anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, analgesic effects. Although there are many similarities between the pathophysiological mechanisms of pain and itch, researches that investigate the effect of cannabinoids on itching are insufficient. Here, we aimed to examine the antipruritic effect of cannabidiol and the contribution of spinal cannabinoid receptors. Methods: Male Balb/c mice, weighing 20-30 g, were used. Itching behavior was produced by intradermal injection of compound 48/80 (100 ?g/50 ?l); cannabidiol (1, 3, 10 mg/kg, ip) was administered 30 minutes before compound 48/80 injections. Then, scratching of the injected site by the hind paws was videotaped for 30 minutes. Locomotor performances were assessed using a rotarod apparatus. Results: Cannabidiol had no effect on compound 48/80-induced itching behavior at any dose given; moreover, cannabidiol did not produce any impairment on motor function. AM-251, a cannabinoid receptor type 1 antagonist, and AM-630, a cannabinoid receptor type 2 antagonist were administered intrathecally to observe the contribution of spinal cannabinoid receptors to the antipruritic action of cannabidiol. We observed that cannabidol did not possess any effect on itching behaviour. Conclusion: Our results indicate that systemic administration of cannabidiol does not attenuate compound 48/80 induced itching behavior in mic

Numerical investigation of the behaviour and performance of ships advancing through restricted shallow waters

Upon entering shallow waters, ships experience a number of changes due to the hydrodynamic interaction between the hull and the seabed. Some of these changes are expressed in a pronounced increase in sinkage, trim and resistance. In this paper, a numerical study is performed on the Duisburg Test Case (DTC) container ship using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), the Slender-Body theory and various empirical methods. A parametric comparison of the behaviour and performance estimation techniques in shallow waters for varying channel cross-sections and ship speeds is performed. The main objective of this research is to quantify the effect a step in the channel topography on ship sinkage, trim and resistance. Significant differences are shown in the computed parameters for the DTC advancing through dredged channels and conventional shallow water topographies. The different techniques employed show good agreement, especially in the low speed range

Investigating Social Loafing Behavior in Higher Education Institutes: A Case of Public University

Bu araştırmanın amacı sosyal kaytarma davranışını etkileyen faktörleri önem sırasına göre hiyerarşik olarak sıralayarak, bu tür faktörlere bağlı olarak ortaya konan sosyal kaytarma davranışına karşı önlem alma ve bu faktörlerden kaynaklı sosyal kaytarma davranışını yönetme eylemleri sunmaktır. Bu bağlamda bir kamu üniversitesindeki 11 akademisyen, literatür ve yazar destekli olarak belirlenmiş üç ana faktör altındaki 19 faktörü ikili olarak karşılaştırmış ve karşılaştırılan bu kriterler Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) tekniği ile hiyerarşik olarak sıralanmıştır. Araştırma, akademisyenler tarafından ileri sürülen sosyal kaytarmayı etkileyici faktörlerin belirlenmesi ve böylesine üretkenlik karşıtı davranışlar üzerinde etkili olan faktörlere bağlı olarak nasıl önlenebileceği konusunda yol gösterici olması açısından önemlidir.The purpose of this study is to order the factors determining social loafing hierarchically based on their importance levels, and then suggest cautions against social loafing caused by those factors and managing social loafing actions caused by them. In this concept, 11 academic staff in a public university, have made pairwise comparisons of 19 factors under three main factors determined by both literature and authors, and these compared factors are analyzed and ordered by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The research is important in terms of determining the social loafing factors proposed by academicians and determining how to prevent them depending on the factors that influence this counterproductive behaviors